Pediatric Emergencies Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• In heatstroke, which complication should be anticipated and treated?
• A 4-year-old with fever of 103.2°F presents; prehospital treatment includes all of the following EXCEPT:
• A child with intermittent severe abdominal pain, drawing legs, and currant-jelly stools. What is the likely diagnosis and the first step in management?
• If a child wearing a helmet strikes a fixed object on his or her bicycle and flies over the handlebars, you would MOST likely encounter:
• When evaluating a child’s oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter, how should this value be interpreted?
• Which statement best explains why pediatric chest trauma carries higher risk of intrathoracic injury than adult chest trauma?
• In aspirin overdose: what acid-base disturbances might you see and initial management?
• Which bruise pattern is most suggestive of nonaccidental injury?
• A 4-year-old child is unresponsive after ingesting antihypertensive medication. He has poor perfusion and bradycardia (HR 50). The best initial action is to:
• The goal in treating a child with epiglottitis is to:
• Currant-jelly stools are characteristic of which condition, and what is the recommended initial evaluation step?
• In evaluating possible myocarditis, which test is most immediately helpful?
• The use of a straight blade during pediatric intubation is primarily associated with which benefit?
• What is the peak age range for sudden infant death syndrome?
• What is the maximum single-dose of intramuscular epinephrine for pediatric anaphylaxis?
• A simple febrile seizure (generalized, <15 minutes, no focal features). What is the recommended immediate management?
• Which statement best reflects how emergency medications should be given when a central venous line is present but peripheral access is available?
• When securing an injured child's head and neck to a backboard, which practice should be avoided?
• Compared to adults, a child's airway is more vulnerable to obstruction by which structure?
• The prehospital use of lorazepam for seizures is limited by its:
• What is the recommended approach if a child ingests kerosene and shows signs of aspiration risk?
• In evaluating an adolescent with chest pain and shortness of breath, which initial testing approach is most informative?
• In a child with burns to the head, face, neck, and anterior chest, the TBSA percentage described is:
• Which sign raises concern for nonaccidental trauma?
• If an infant or small child swallowed a rigid foreign body, he or she would MOST likely experience respiratory distress because:
• A child with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and Kussmaul respiration. What is the likely diagnosis and initial management?
• In suspected meningitis, why is obtaining cultures before starting antibiotics emphasized?
• Which vital-sign pattern is most indicative of increased intracranial pressure due to shunt obstruction?
• Distributive shock in children is most often due to:
• You are dispatched to a residence for a 17-year-old woman with acute abdominal pain. The patient is uncomfortable with parental presence; you should:
• In a child who has ingested a beta blocker, which metabolic disturbance is most likely?
• In a hypercarbic child without pulmonary edema, respirations are typically described as which of the following?
• A 12-year-old with sudden respiratory distress and inspiratory stridor is MOST suspicious for which condition?
• A pediatric patient with signs of shock from dehydration. What is the initial IV fluid and rate?
• Sorbitol is not recommended for use in young children because it:
• Prior to inserting an NG or OG tube in an unresponsive child without a gag reflex, you should:
• Proficiency in ventilating apneic infants or children with a bag-mask device may do which of the following?
• A sick or injured child's general appearance is MOST reflective of which aspect?
• Which statement correctly describes NG/OG tube placement in an unresponsive child without a gag reflex?
• For large-burn pediatric patient, what is the fluid resuscitation formula used?
• A child experiencing a moderate asthma attack would most likely present with:
• A call is received for a 3-year-old boy with respiratory distress. He has a loud barking cough, is conscious, and has had fever for a few days before developing a high-pitched cough. He is well hydrated, with SpO2 of 99% on room air and no signs of increased work of breathing. You should:
• You should be MOST suspicious for child abuse when caring for an injured 4-year-old child if:
• Which statement about croup is correct?
• Kawasaki disease: key diagnostic criteria and initial treatment?
• A 4-year-old with tachypnea and tachycardia but no increased work of breathing and warm, moist skin; the mother denies vomiting or diarrhea. The tachycardia and tachypnea are most likely due to:
• Why is establishing good rapport with the caregiver at the scene important?
• Which ocular finding is associated with abusive head trauma?
• What are maintenance fluid requirements for pediatrics per day?
• Beta blocker ingestion in small children would MOST likely cause:
• Which finding is not typically associated with cardiogenic shock in a child?
• You are called to a residence for a ventilator-dependent child with respiratory distress. Upon arrival, the mother reports the home ventilator was recently replaced with a newer model. Your first action should be to:
• During treatment of a child with stable supraventricular tachycardia refractory to initial therapy, the child becomes less conscious with a rapid, weak femoral pulse. The correct next step is to:
• Acrocyanosis is cyanosis of the hands and feet and is a normal finding in infants under what condition?
• A child with fever, neck stiffness, and photophobia: what is the priority management?
• When using a defibrillator on a child, what energy dose is recommended?
• A 12 kg child requires maintenance fluids. Which daily volume is appropriate?
• In Kawasaki disease, which imaging study monitors coronary involvement?
• If you cannot palpate the femoral pulse in an unresponsive infant, you should:
• Which description best matches dilated cardiomyopathy?
• Prior to administering pharmacologic therapy to an infant or child with pulseless ventricular tachycardia, the paramedic should perform:
• In assessing the airway of a 3-year-old who is unresponsive and has a snoring sound on slow breaths, what is the first action?
• An adolescent with sudden unilateral lower abdominal pain and ultrasound shows absent ovarian flow. What is the management?
• Which bruise pattern is most concerning for abuse?
• During pediatric intubation, bradycardia can occur due to parasympathetic stimulation; the appropriate action is to:
• The decision to transport an acutely ill child immediately or remain at the scene to perform additional interventions is LEAST dependent on which factor?
• Which of the following is not a common sign of meningitis in young children?
• Which drug class is used to prevent asthma attacks in children?
• Which of the following best describes the early signs of distributive shock in children?
• In the described croup case, which of the following reflects the child’s oxygen status on room air?
• For a child with moderate dehydration, which route is preferred and why?
• In suspected intestinal obstruction, what red flag symptom is bilious vomiting?
• When immobilizing a pediatric patient on a backboard, which practice aligns with maintaining airway safety?
• Which anatomical differences in children affect airway management?
• Which statement about burns in pediatric patients is correct?
• In pediatric airway management, which condition would most strongly contraindicate the use of etomidate for induction?
• For a conscious 7-year-old in marked respiratory distress with O2 sat 93% on room air and rapid heart rate, the MOST appropriate initial treatment is:
• Which statement describes the components of the pediatric assessment triangle?
• What is a key distinguishing feature of pancreatitis in children compared to adults?
• In a child with a seizure lasting more than 5 minutes in the ED, what is the first-line treatment?
• If a 2-year-old child with a foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should:
• Which statement about acrocyanosis is correct?
• In a child with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which vital-sign combination is most concerning for shunt obstruction and increased intracranial pressure?
• You should be MOST suspicious for cardiogenic shock in an infant or child if:
• Bradydysrhythmias in children most often result from which cause?
• When providing airway management for a child, which of the following is the correct technique?
• When caring for an infant or child who is in compensated shock, you should:
• A swallowed rigid foreign body in an infant leads to respiratory distress primarily because:
• If a child with a functioning central venous line requires emergency drug therapy, what is the recommended approach?
• The most appropriate vagal maneuver for an infant involves:
• When attempting resuscitation of a child with pulseless electrical activity, you should:
• Most injuries in pediatric patients are:
• In infant or child respiratory failure, what happens?
• A typical finding for foreign body aspiration is:
• In a pediatric patient with tachycardia and cool skin, a capillary refill time of 4 seconds most likely indicates:
• Which statement about bag-mask ventilation in pediatric emergencies is true?
• For airway management in a 6-year-old patient requiring intubation, which endotracheal tube size and cuff status is commonly used?
• A 6-year-old girl with fever presents lethargy and tachycardia. Her heart rate is 170 beats/min and varies with activity. The cardiac monitor shows a narrow complex tachycardia with a rate of 150-170. After applying high-flow oxygen, what is the next best step?
• Appropriate bag-mask ventilation for an apneic 3-year-old involves:
• A child presents with sudden inspiratory stridor, drooling, and a forward-leaning posture. What emergency should you suspect and what is the initial approach?
• In contrast to adults, children:
• What is the most critical first action in management of a neonate with apnea and poor tone?
• A simple febrile seizure is distinguished from a complex febrile seizure by which characteristic?
• What is the recommended approach to suspected meningitis if LP is delayed?
• Bronchiolitis is best described as which of the following?
• Toxic ingestions in adolescents typically involve:
• For two rescuers performing pediatric CPR, what is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio?
• Which statement about a child’s chest wall is correct?
• Which statement about chest trauma in children is correct?
• In a 5-year-old with dehydration and signs of poor perfusion, which finding indicates poor perfusion?
• In a 2-year-old who appears to have had a seizure, the appropriate action is to:
• A child with fever, RLQ pain, guarding, and anorexia. What condition should be high on the differential and next step?
• Which statement correctly describes the epiglottis in pediatric patients?
• Which statement about pediatric head size is true?
• In pediatric respiratory distress, a compensated state means:
• Which component is NOT used to distinguish sinus tachycardia from reentry supraventricular tachycardia?
• A child in anaphylactic shock: which management statement is true?
• During resuscitation of a 5-year-old who is apneic and pulseless with ventricular fibrillation on the monitor, what is the correct action?
• A 5-year-old with trouble breathing is responsive to pain only, with intercostal retractions and slow shallow breathing; what is the initial action?
• Dilated cardiomyopathy is best described as which of the following?
• A febrile child with purpuric rash and hypotension. What is the likely diagnosis and urgent management?
• In the airway management sequence for a child who requires assistance after suctioning, which action is performed next?
• Which complication can develop from Kawasaki disease if untreated?
• Which statement about the mechanics of breathing in children is accurate?
• Which pediatric cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
• A 2-year-old girl fell from a second-story window, unresponsive with slow, irregular respirations and blood draining from the mouth and nose. The rapid scan reveals no gross injuries. The airway management should be:
• In dehydration assessment, which signs indicate severe dehydration?
• A 7-month-old infant presents with listlessness, pallor, and increased work of breathing and has a rapid heart rate that is unresponsive to oxygen; which cardiac rhythm is most likely on monitor?
• Appropriate treatment for a conscious child with anaphylaxis includes:
• A child ingests kerosene or gasoline. What is the main risk and how should it be managed?
• Pallor on a child’s skin most strongly indicates which circulatory state?
• If signs of nonaccidental trauma are suspected, what is the appropriate action?
• In a dehydrated child presenting with shock, which option reflects an appropriate initial fluid bolus according to standard ED practice?
• Distributive shock in children is MOST often the result of:
• In pediatric care of compensated shock during transport, which action is recommended?
• Which symptom is least likely to be seen as a sign of meningitis in young children?
• After a pediatric head injury, which finding warrants urgent imaging?
• Which is NOT a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome?
• The most appropriate endotracheal tube size for a 6-year-old child is:
• A 6-year-old child has burns to the head, face, neck, and anterior chest. What percentage of body surface area is burned?
• In contrast to a complex febrile seizure, a simple febrile seizure:
• An accidental acetaminophen overdose: what is the antidote and timing?
• In the management of any potentially toxic exposure in a child, the initial step is to:
• Etomidate should be avoided as an induction agent for pediatric intubation in the presence of which condition?
• You are assessing a 10-year-old child with apparent ventricular tachycardia, but cannot decide whether electrical or pharmacologic therapy is the most appropriate initial treatment approach. Which of the following interventions would pose the greatest potential for harm?
• In a young child with fever and dysuria, how should a UTI be evaluated?
• In a child with severe dehydration and vomiting, when should IV fluids be given instead of ORS?
• Which statement is true regarding adolescent toxic ingestions?
• Bronchiolitis most commonly affects which population?
• Which anatomical feature should you anticipate when positioning a small child for airway management?
• A prepubertal boy with sudden severe unilateral testicular pain and absent cremasteric reflex. What is the urgent management?
• In suspected intussusception, what is the key therapeutic option if the patient is stable?
• The pediatric assessment triangle was designed to provide a quick general impression. Which option best describes its purpose?
• A child with suspected septic shock: list the first three ED management steps.
• Why are liver and spleen injuries more common in young children compared with adults?
• A typical foreign body aspiration presentation includes:
• Which statement regarding croup is correct?
• A patient with known diabetes and confusion who becomes pale and sweaty. What is the immediate management if hypoglycemia is suspected?
• Which statement best describes the general aim in prehospital management of a child with suspected shock?
• Before giving antiarrhythmic medication to a child with pulseless ventricular tachycardia, what is the recommended initial intervention?
• A 9-year-old with an isolated deformity to his forearm and significant pain has which initial approach to relieve pain?
• A neonate (<28 days) with fever and no source: what is the recommended initial evaluation?
• With respect to CPR and foreign body airway obstruction procedures, a child should be treated as an adult once:
• When preparing to intubate a small child, it is important to remember that which anatomic characteristic is typical?
• Meningococcal meningitis with sepsis is typically characterized by a:
• Which imaging modality is preferred first in suspected pediatric appendicitis?
• In a 9-year-old with tachypnea, inability to speak in full sentences, and SpO2 92% during an asthma flare, what is the initial treatment sequence?
• In febrile seizure management for a toddler, the most appropriate initial action is to:
• Because stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system and bradycardia can occur during intubation of a child, you should:
• In a child with SVT who deteriorates during treatment and has a rapid, weak femoral pulse, which action is indicated?
• Pancreatitis in children is often associated with which factors?
• In pediatric resuscitation, what is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer?
• First-degree heart block in children is typically which of the following?
• Which nomogram is used to determine the need for antidote in acetaminophen overdose?
• The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome peaks between the ages of:
• What ultrasound finding is classic for intussusception?
• Which of the following is NOT a sign of compensated shock in the infant or child?
• In pediatric intubation, which blade type is historically associated with easier epiglottis manipulation?
• If a seizure persists despite benzodiazepine administration, which is the next step?
• When caring for a child with a ventricular shunt or gastrostomy tube, it is important to:
• What imaging should be obtained first for suspected appendicitis in children to minimize radiation exposure?
• Which finding would be most suspicious for child abuse?
• What is the immediate management for heatstroke?
• Infants and children in shock: which statement about their compensatory mechanisms is true?
• Which finding raises concern for abusive head trauma on initial exam?
• Parkland formula statement: which of the following is correct?
• A child suddenly chokes on a toy and develops unilateral decreased breath sounds. What is the most likely diagnosis and next step?
• When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in a child, you should:
• For an 18-kg child with bronchospasm, which drug and delivery method is recommended?
• A conscious child who is in the sniffing position:
• After a concussion, what is the recommended initial management?
• The pediatric assessment triangle was designed to:
• Which medication is used to prevent asthma attacks?
• Which statement about initial management of aspirin overdose is NOT typical?
• In Kawasaki disease, which statement about management is true?
• A child ingests iron tablets. What is the antidote and initial treatment?
• Which statement about a normal respiratory rate in a child is true?
• In a dehydrated 5-year-old with vomiting, diarrhea, and signs of poor perfusion, which action is essential in initial prehospital assessment?
• Why is counting an infant's respiratory rate for 15 seconds and multiplying by four potentially misleading?
• Unlike sinus tachycardia, reentry supraventricular tachycardia in infants is characterized by:
• In suspected anaphylaxis, what is the first-line dose and route of epinephrine?
• You would most likely encounter a child with a tracheostomy tube who is breathing spontaneously on room air if:
• The first step in examining a toddler in stable condition is to:
• How should you assess an adolescent with chest pain to evaluate for myocarditis?
• In a febrile pediatric patient with tachycardia and tachypnea but no signs of increased work of breathing, which skin finding supports fever as the cause?
• An adolescent with acute chest pain and shortness of breath; what initial tests help differentiate potential etiologies?
• Which clinical presentation is MOST consistent with cocaine ingestion in a child?
• Regarding simple febrile seizures, which statement best describes the anticonvulsant approach?
• Which statement defines a simple febrile seizure?
• The most appropriate dose and route for epinephrine in a pediatric patient with suspected anaphylaxis in the field is:
• Which of the following is least characteristic of an apparent life-threatening event in an infant?
• An infant or small child who falls from a significant height would MOST likely experience:
• Which drug, dose, and delivery route is correct for an 18-kg child experiencing severe respiratory distress due to bronchospasm?
• For fever management in a child, which antipyretic is appropriate in prehospital care?
• A child with suspected major allergic reaction: besides epinephrine, what are other initial interventions?
• Ductal-dependent congenital heart defects typically present with which finding in the neonatal period?
• In suspected meningitis, what is the preferred timing for LP relative to cultures and antibiotics?
• During pediatric intubation, which anatomical feature explains why visualization of the vocal cords can be challenging?
• What is the recommended approach to a child with severe asthma who does not respond to initial therapy?
• Caustic ingestion (drain cleaner) in a child: initial management?
• Which of the following actions should be included in prehospital management of a child in suspected shock?
• In a pediatric patient with tachycardia and poor oxygenation, which ECG finding is most likely?
• For moderate dehydration, ORS is preferred because it helps to prevent which complications?
• A 2-year-old with fever, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes; what dehydration level is likely and how should it be treated?
• Early distributive shock in children is characterized by:**